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<Span Text="Welcome to the module on “Literature Search: Identify Terms”. It will take around 6 minutes to complete. Select " />
<Span Text="Start">
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<Span Text=" to begin." />
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<Span Text="Let’s look at the learning objectives for this module.
">
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<Block>
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<Span Text="By the end of this module, you will be able to:
">
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<Block>
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<Span Text="Explain the use of the MeSH browser to identify the PubMed vocabulary, and
">
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<Span Text="List the steps used in the MeSH browser to search for relevant results.
">
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<Span Text="In the previous module, in Jane’s example, we defined the search as ‘Is there a connection between smoking and Energy Drink consumption in teenagers?’
">
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<Span Text="Now, let’s understand how to use these key search concepts to fetch accurate search results in PubMed.">
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<Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
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<Span Text="Select the ">
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</Span>
<Span Text="URL ">
<Style FontFamily="Verdana" FontSize="9" FontIsBold="True" FontIsItalic="False" FontIsUnderline="False" FontIsStrikeout="False" />
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<Span Text="to access the PubMed website.
">
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<Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<Content>
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<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
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<Span Text="Select ">
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<Span Text="MeSh Database">
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<Span Text=" under Explore to open the MeSH browser.
">
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<Style FontFamily="Verdana" FontSize="9" FontIsBold="True" FontIsItalic="False" FontIsUnderline="False" FontIsStrikeout="False" />
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<Span Text="The Medical Subject Headings or MeSH browser is a useful tool to help identify the PubMed vocabulary.
">
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<Block>
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<Span Text="Medical subject headings are accurate as they are indexed terms that identify what an article is about rather than just returning results for a keyword.
">
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<Block>
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<Span Text="This function automatically searches for “entry terms” which are the synonyms of the preferred term.
">
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<Span Text="The MeSH database is also useful to help identify synonyms that can be used to improve keyword searches in other databases, such as Google Scholar.">
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<Span Text="Next, enter the key terms that you have identified from your search concepts.
">
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<Span Text="Let’s start with the term energy drink.
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<Span Text="Type “energy drink” in the search field and hit Enter.">
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<Content>
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<Span Text="Then, select Search.">
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</Span>
</Block>
</Content>
</Document>
<Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<Content>
<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
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<Span Text="The search will reveal the preferred term, which you can see is “Energy Drinks”, a plural term. This term was only introduced in 2012.
">
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<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
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<Span Text="MeSH also searches for narrower terms below it in the search hierarchy (unless you turn this off). It also suggests alternate, broader and narrower terms.
">
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<Block>
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<Span Text="Select Add to search builder.">
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</Block>
</Content>
</Document>
<Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<Content>
<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
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<Span Text="The term “Energy Drinks” has been directly added as a MeSH search term to the PubMed Search Builder.">
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</Span>
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</Content>
</Document>
<Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<Content>
<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
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<Span Text="Next, type the second key term “teenage” in the search bar and hit Enter.">
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</Span>
</Block>
</Content>
</Document>
<Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<Content>
<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
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<Span Text="Select ‘Teenager’ from the drop-down list.">
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</Content>
</Document>
<Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<Content>
<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
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<Span Text="Then, select Search.">
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</Span>
</Block>
</Content>
</Document>
<Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<Content>
<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
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</ListStyle>
</Style>
<Span Text="In this case, there are multiple terms for teenager and “adolescent” is the preferred term.
">
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</Block>
<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
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</Style>
<Span Text="
">
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</Span>
</Block>
<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
<ListStyle ListType="None" ListTypeFormat="Plain" BulletChar="•" BulletFont="Arial">
<BulletPicture Size="0x0" />
</ListStyle>
</Style>
<Span Text="Select Add to search builder. This will add ‘adolescent’ as a search term. 
">
<Style FontFamily="Verdana" FontSize="9" FontIsBold="False" FontIsItalic="False" FontIsUnderline="False" FontIsStrikeout="False" />
</Span>
</Block>
<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
<ListStyle ListType="None" ListTypeFormat="Plain" BulletChar="•" BulletFont="Arial">
<BulletPicture Size="0x0" />
</ListStyle>
</Style>
</Block>
</Content>
</Document>
<Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<Content>
<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
<ListStyle ListType="None" ListTypeFormat="Plain" BulletChar="•" BulletFont="Arial">
<BulletPicture Size="0x0" />
</ListStyle>
</Style>
<Span Text="Finally, type the third key term “smoking” in the search bar and hit Enter.">
<Style FontFamily="Verdana" FontSize="9" FontIsBold="False" FontIsItalic="False" FontIsUnderline="False" FontIsStrikeout="False" />
</Span>
</Block>
</Content>
</Document>
<Document xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<Content>
<Block>
<Style FlowDirection="LeftToRight" LeadingMargin="0" TrailingMargin="0" FirstLineMargin="0" Justification="Left" LineSpacingRule="Single" LineSpacing="20" SpacingBefore="0" SpacingAfter="0">
<ListStyle ListType="None" ListTypeFormat="Plain" BulletChar="•" BulletFont="Arial">
<BulletPicture Size="0x0" />
</ListStyle>
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<Span Text="Then, select Search.
">
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<Block>
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<Span Text="Note that we are not using ‘smoking cigarettes’ as a search term here because it is a narrow term, and a broader term like ‘smoking’ is likely to generate more results.">
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</Span>
</Block>
</Content>
</Document>
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<Span Text="In this case, smoking is the preferred term.
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<Span Text="Select Add to Search Builder. This will add ‘Smoking’ as a search term.
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<Span Text="Now we have three preferred terms for searching in PubMed from the MeSH database.">
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<Span Text="After adding the identified key terms as the preferred search items on PubMed, select ">
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<Span Text="“Search PubMed” ">
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<Span Text="to execute the search.
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<Span Text="The search results may include relevant as well as irrelevant results. Here you will see that SOME of the search results are irrelevant. We will focus on refining the search in the following modules.
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<Span Text="Let us understand how we produced the alternate terms used for each of the three preferred search items.
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<Span Text="Please note that we used the term “smoking” instead of “cigarette smoking” as it is broader term that will fetch more results. We can then refine the search to cigarette smoking if the results obtained by “smoking” are not relevant.
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<Span Text="We can leverage these terms by using the Boolean Logic to refine our search. We will learn more about the Boolean Logic in the next module.">
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<Span Text="Here are the key points covered in this module!
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<Span Text="Once the search is defined, you can use the key terms in the MeSH browser to fetch relevant articles.
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<Span Text="MeSH results are accurate as they are indexed terms that identify what an article is about rather than just returning results for a keyword.
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<Span Text="Relevant alternate terms can be added during the search if the results obtained are not relevant.
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<Span Text="Go to the next module to learn about refining your search by applying the Boolean logic!">
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